@inbook {Watling201141,
	title = {Biology of Deep-Water Octocorals},
	booktitle = {Advances in Marine Biology},
	series = {Advances in Marine Biology},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {41 - 122},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	abstract = {Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography, ecology, and reproductive biology of deep-sea octocorals and also focuses on gorgonian octocorals because they are the predominant octocoral group in the deep sea. The most widely accepted taxonomic scheme for octocorals divides the subclass into four orders: (1) helioporacea, (2) alcyonacea, (3) gorgonacea, and (4) pennatulacea. The distinctions between most orders and suborders are blurred by intermediate taxa that resulted in a continuum of colonial organization and skeletal structure. The major areas of study of deep-sea gorgonians and sources of species descriptions are also summarized. Octocorals have been known from deep water in the North Atlantic, although the Challenger expedition showed that octocorals could be found in the depths of all oceans. Knowledge of deep-water octocorals of the Indo-West Pacific region is meagre and contrasts with the wealth of information on shallow-water taxa. The distribution of the three major deep-sea families{\textquoteright} discussed are{\textendash}{\textendash}chrysogorgiidae, isididae, and primnoidae. Deep-sea octocoral colonies are often large so it offers a wide range of biogenic habitats to other invertebrate species. The chapter also focuses on those invertebrate species that are found most frequently on the octocoral host. Reproduction, growth, age, food habits, and conservation issues are also considered.},
	issn = {0065-2881},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385529-9.00002-0},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123855299000020},
	author = {Watling, Les and France, Scott C and Pante, Eric and Anne Simpson},
	editor = {Michael Lesser}
}
@inbook {274Pasternak1981,
	title = {Alcyonacea and Gorgonacea},
	booktitle = {Benthos of the submarine mountains Marcus-Necker and adjacent Pacific regions},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {40-55},
	publisher = {Moscow: Akademiya Nauk.},
	organization = {Moscow: Akademiya Nauk.},
	abstract = {TRANSLATION: BORIS Boris_Shoshitaishvili@brown.edu Here{\textquoteright}s the translation for the paragraph - I did my best and I put word with multiple meanings and/or words I{\textquoteright}m not sure about in quotes. Enjoy: Their length exceeds the length of their spicules by a small amount in the base of their polyps, but their width remains in the same order. Directly under the "halo/aureola/circle" of "tentacles/feelers", the "armor" of the lengthwise positioned sclerites breaks up into 8 distinct "strands/cords", made up of the conserved lengthwise distributed spicules. In this section of "autozoids (I can{\textquoteright}t find this word in any dictionary)", the sclerites take on a somewhat applanate (horizontally flattened) form. In each of these "strands/cords", these spicules lie in 5-6 rows in the proximal part and in 3-4 rows in the distal part. The farther "strands/cords" "cross/go over" onto the dorsal side of the "feelers/tentacles". But here remains only two rows of sclerites. The last ones become even more horizontally flattened, but their "skin/surface" is more granular and with more clearly expressed "conical/tapered" "papillae/eminences/buds/tubercules". The length of these spicules practically does not change in comparison to the spicules of the previous section, but their width is somewhat greater and reaches 0.035-0.04 mm.},
	keywords = {Chrysogorgiidae, macrospina, metallogorgia tennuis},
	author = {Pasternak, F.A.},
	editor = {Kuznetsov, A.P. and Mironov, A.N.}
}
