@article {22723855,
	title = {Deep-sea origin and in-situ diversification of chrysogorgiid octocorals.},
	journal = {PloS one},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012},
	pages = {e38357},
	abstract = {The diversity, ubiquity and prevalence in deep waters of the octocoral family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883 make it noteworthy as a model system to study radiation and diversification in the deep sea. Here we provide the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Chrysogorgiidae, and compare phylogeny and depth distribution. Phylogenetic relationships among 10 of 14 currently-described Chrysogorgiidae genera were inferred based on mitochondrial (mtMutS, cox1) and nuclear (18S) markers. Bathymetric distribution was estimated from multiple sources, including museum records, a literature review, and our own sampling records (985 stations, 2345 specimens). Genetic analyses suggest that the Chrysogorgiidae as currently described is a polyphyletic family. Shallow-water genera, and two of eight deep-water genera, appear more closely related to other octocoral families than to the remainder of the monophyletic, deep-water chrysogorgiid genera. Monophyletic chrysogorgiids are composed of strictly (Iridogorgia Verrill, 1883, Metallogorgia Versluys, 1902, Radicipes Stearns, 1883, Pseudochrysogorgia Pante \& France, 2010) and predominantly (Chrysogorgia Duchassaing \& Michelotti, 1864) deep-sea genera that diversified in situ. This group is sister to gold corals (Primnoidae Milne Edwards, 1857) and deep-sea bamboo corals (Keratoisidinae Gray, 1870), whose diversity also peaks in the deep sea. Nine species of Chrysogorgia that were described from depths shallower than 200 m, and mtMutS haplotypes sequenced from specimens sampled as shallow as 101 m, suggest a shallow-water emergence of some Chrysogorgia species.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0038357},
	author = {Pante, Eric and France, Scott C and Couloux, Arnaud and Cruaud, Corinne and McFadden, Catherine S and Samadi, Sarah and Watling, Les}
}
@inbook {Watling201141,
	title = {Biology of Deep-Water Octocorals},
	booktitle = {Advances in Marine Biology},
	series = {Advances in Marine Biology},
	volume = {60},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {41 - 122},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	organization = {Academic Press},
	abstract = {Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography, ecology, and reproductive biology of deep-sea octocorals and also focuses on gorgonian octocorals because they are the predominant octocoral group in the deep sea. The most widely accepted taxonomic scheme for octocorals divides the subclass into four orders: (1) helioporacea, (2) alcyonacea, (3) gorgonacea, and (4) pennatulacea. The distinctions between most orders and suborders are blurred by intermediate taxa that resulted in a continuum of colonial organization and skeletal structure. The major areas of study of deep-sea gorgonians and sources of species descriptions are also summarized. Octocorals have been known from deep water in the North Atlantic, although the Challenger expedition showed that octocorals could be found in the depths of all oceans. Knowledge of deep-water octocorals of the Indo-West Pacific region is meagre and contrasts with the wealth of information on shallow-water taxa. The distribution of the three major deep-sea families{\textquoteright} discussed are{\textendash}{\textendash}chrysogorgiidae, isididae, and primnoidae. Deep-sea octocoral colonies are often large so it offers a wide range of biogenic habitats to other invertebrate species. The chapter also focuses on those invertebrate species that are found most frequently on the octocoral host. Reproduction, growth, age, food habits, and conservation issues are also considered.},
	issn = {0065-2881},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385529-9.00002-0},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123855299000020},
	author = {Watling, Les and France, Scott C and Pante, Eric and Anne Simpson},
	editor = {Michael Lesser}
}
@article {144,
	title = {A New Genus and Species of Bamboo Coral (Octocorallia: Isididae: Keratoisidinae) from the New England Seamounts},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {209-220},
	chapter = {209},
	abstract = {Sampling along the New England Seamount Chain has produced a large number of new octocoral species, especially of the bamboo corals in the subfamily Keratoisidinae. The new genus described here is unusual in that it branches from the internodes yet has sclerites at the base of the polyp body that are arranged obliquely, and in having tentacles that can be pulled completely into the top of the polyp over the retracted oral disk. The genus and species are characterized using both morphological and molecular data.},
	doi = {10.3374/014.052.0202},
	author = {Watling, Les and France, Scott C}
}
